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A proxy or proxy server is a program which acts acting as an intermediary for client and server over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, users will send a request to an item directly a server, and the server would provide the requested resource directly to the user. This method is simple to understand and use, adding proxies offers advantages in the form of more performance, privacy and security, among other things. As an additional layer of moving through, proxies serve as a safeguard to the internet between servers and clients.




The combination of server hardware and the software used to install proxy services is commonly called proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxy servers that are usually described as software, as well as those that are used in conjunction with web servers. We will present a summary of the two main types of proxies: the one that is forward and the reverse proxy. Each has their own use that can cause confusion due to a similar terminology.




This article will provide you with an understanding of types of proxies and subtypes they are, and their value in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you'll understand how to determine the situations that a proxy can be useful, and choose the best option to use a forward or reverse proxy, based on the specific situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known by the name of the open proxy is a proxy for a client who is trying to make an online request to a server. In this situation the entire attempt to send requests from the client will be directed by the forward-proxy. Forward proxy in its place as the customer, will scrutinize the request. The first step is to verify if the client has been granted permission to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then deny a request and forward it to the origin server. The client does not have direct access for the web. It is able to access only what the forward proxy allows it to access.




The most frequent use of forward proxy is increased security or privacy on the internet. A forward proxy is connected to internet instead of a client. in this process it is using an alternative IP address to the client's initial IP address.




Based on how it has been set up according to the way it was configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features depending on how it's configured. This allows you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


Identify restrictions based on your area.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that use centralized security and -based access, like, in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet flows through a common forward proxy layer a administrator can limit access to a specific user group to the internet filtered through an common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place on the client layer, which could comprise a range of computers with various environments and users, you can have an firewall that is located in the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




It is essential to note to remember that forward proxy servers need to be manually configured for use, whereas reverse proxies are often not noticed by clients. Depending on the type of IP address the client, it will be passed to the server that originated it via forward proxy, privacy and security may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many options to be considered for forward proxies:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open-source web server, which has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire Web server app. We have instructions on how to set-up Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP and is better for use in situations such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also discover how to set up an Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server, which handles any requests made by clients on behalf of. Web servers can consist of a single server, or multiple servers. Additionally, it could be an application server such as Gunicorn. In either scenario the request comes from an internet user generally. Most of the time, the request will be sent directly to the server, which is equipped with all the resources the client is requires. However reverse proxy functions as an intermediary that isolates Web server from direct communication with the internet.




From a consumer's point perspective, using reverse proxy is not different than interacting with an online server direct. It's the same thing, and the client cannot discern the distinction. The client requests it, then receives it without additional configuration needed to be performed by the customer.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


Controlling traffic that is inbound on rules you can establish.


A new feature to cache is now available.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxies, reverse proxies provide this feature only to the server layer and not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers, which could comprise multiple servers and different configurations, the bulk of security measures for firewalls are targeted towards the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interacting with a firewall and interacting with requests from clients outside of web servers allows the firewall to concentrate on addressing the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers operating within a reverse proxy, it controls which requests are directed to which servers. Many web servers may be operating on the same server and serving different types of resources or a combination of both. These servers use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server. However, they could also be equipped with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can configure reverse proxy servers to guide the clients towards specific servers based on the kind of resource they are looking for, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to gain advantages from their positioning before web servers, by offering caching capabilities. Large static assets are able to be set up with caching rules, so that you do not need to call web servers every time you request. Some solutions offering an option to deliver static files directly without touching the web server for even one time. In addition reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a reliable reverse proxy option. While it is true it is true that Apache webserver is also equipped with a reverse proxy that can be used in conjunction with Apache but Nginx was designed originally for and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples



Since "forward" and "reverse" come with connotations of directionality as well as inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing since both types of proxies process requests and response. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to think about the needs of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy is useful when you are designing a system to provide web-based solutions on the internet. They function as servers for any interaction with the Internet.




Forward proxy software is advantageous when presented to the client for your personal usage or in a professional context. They represent your clients whenever you use the internet.




Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on standard naming conventions will assist in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is along with two types: forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of beneficial features were used to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the ways to implement proxies, you can learn how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy with Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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